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Glossaries
[K-4] [5-8] [9-12]

5-8 Glossary

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Glossary WordDefinition
ablation
  1. to remove, cut, or melt
  2. to remove by cutting, abrading, or evaporating
abnormality

an event or condition that is not normal

abort

to cancel an attempt. The Space Shuttle has several abort options, including an emergency return to the launch site to an "abort to orbit" (see ATO)

absolute zero

the theoretical temperature at which substances possess no thermal energy, equal to -273.15° Celsius, or -459.67° Fahrenheit.

abstract

existing only in the mind; difficult to understand

accelerate

to increase the speed of; to cause to go faster

acceleration

the rate of change of velocity with respect to time

accelerometer

an instrument for measuring acceleration or for detecting and measuring vibrations

accentuate

accent, emphasize, or to intensify

accesible

easily reachable; easily understood

acclimated

to adapt to a new temperature, altitude, climate, environment, or situation

accumulate

To gather, build up, or pile up

accuracy

degree of conformity of a measure to a standard or a true value

accurate
exact or correct; without mistakes or errors
acid
a chemical compound that dissolves in water, tastes sour, and makes blue litmus paper turn red
acoustic
  1. related to sound or the sense of hearing
  2. designed to absorb or control sound
acoustical

of or pertaining to sound, the sense of hearing

acquire to get or obtain

 

acronym

a word formed from the initial letter or letters of each of the successive parts or major parts of a compound term

adapt

to change in order to fit new conditions

adaptive

tending toward, fit for, or having a capacity for changing to meet surroundings

address

to deal with

adhesive

tending to hold or stick

adverse

bad, harmful, hostile

advocacy

the action of pleading for, or supporting a cause or proposal

aerial

of, in, or caused by the air

aerobic

exercise that requires oxygen

aerodynamic

the motion of gases, particularly air, and the movement of objects in the air

aerodynamics
  1. a branch of dynamics that deals with the motion of air and other gaseous fluids and with the forces acting on bodies in motion relative to such fluids
  2. science of the interaction between moving air and solid surfaces
aeroelastic

distortion as from bending or flexing in a structure (as an airplane wing or a building) caused by aerodynamic forces

aerogel

a highly porous solid formed from a gel, such as silica gel, in which the liquid is replaced with a gas

aerospace

space comprising the Earth's atmosphere and the space beyond

aileron

either of two movable flaps on the wings of an airplane that can be used to control the plane's rolling and banking movements

airfoil

A surface, such as a wing, whose shape and orientation control stability, direction, lift, thrust, or propulsion

algorithm

a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or accomplishing some end especially by a computer

alma mater

the school, college, or university that one has attended

aloft

to a great height, in the air

alter

to change or make different; modify

alternate

acting in the place of another; a substitute

alternation

repeated change from one thing or state to another and back again

alternative

a situation presenting a choice between two or more things only one of which may be chosen

altitude
  1. the vertical elevation of an object above a surface
  2. height above the Earth's surface
ambitious
requiring much effort; challenging
analog
  1. relating to, or being a mechanism in which data is represented by continuously variable physical quantities
  2. having similarities in some respects to somthing that is otherwise different
analogy

drawing a comparison in order to show a similarity between two things that are otherwise not alike

analysis

the separation of something into its parts in order to examine them

analyze

to break down into parts and carefully study

ancestor

one who has come before another; an earlier type

anemic

not having enough iron in the blood

anomaly

something that is irregular

anti-icing

to prevent an object from icing

anticipate

make a prediction about; tell in advance

anticorrosion

something that stops deterioration of a metal caused by oxidation, also know as rust

antimatter

material that is identical to physical matter except that its atoms have opposite charges. For example, an electron has a negative charge, but an anti-electron has a positive charge.

antioxidant

a substance, such as vitamin E, vitamin C, or beta carotene, thought to protect body cells from the damaging effects of oxidation

aorta
the great arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body
aperture
the opening in a photographic lens that admits the light
aplastic anemia

a form of anemia in which the capacity of the bone marrow to generate red blood cells is defective, caused by bone marrow disease or exposure to toxic agents, such as radiation, chemicals, or drugs.

apparatus
a group of materials or devices used for a specific purpose
appendage

an external part that extends from the main section of an object, such as an arm, leg, or antenna

apprehensive

anxious or fearful about the future; uneasy

approach

the final path followed by an aircraft as it is landing

arc
a continuous portion (as of a circle or ellipse) of a curved line
archaeology

the study of past human life and culture

archive

a place or collection containing records, documents, or other materials of historical interest

array

order; a regular and imposing arrangement

artery

any of the tubular branching muscular- and elastic-walled vessels that carry blood from the heart through the body

ascent

the act or process of rising or going upward

aspect

a distinct feature or element of an object or being

asset

a useful or valuable quality, person, or thing; an advantage or resource

asteroids

any of the small celestial bodies found especially between the orbit of Mars and Jupiter

astigmatism

a visual defect in which the surface of the eye, usually the cornea, is not equally curved, preventing light rays from focusing clearly at one point on the retina, resulting in blurred vision

astrophysicist
a scientist who studies a branch of astronomy dealing especially with the behavior, physical properties, and dynamic processes of celestial objects and phenomena
astrophysics

a branch of astronomy dealing especially with the behavior, physical properties, and dynamic processes of celestial objects and phenomena

atmosphere

the whole mass of air surrounding the Earth

atmospheric

of, relating to, or occurring in the atmosphere

atmospheric pressure

pressure caused by the weight of the atmosphere

atmospheric scientist

a person who studies the whole mass of air surrounding the Earth

ATO

abort to orbit. A condition in which a failure, such as a premature engine shutdown, means the Shuttle won't be able to reach its planned orbit, but can reach a different safe orbit where operations might be continued

atrophy

decrease in size or wasting away of a body part or tissue

attitude
  1. the position of an aircraft or spacecraft determined by the relationship between its axes and a reference datum (as the horizon or a particular star)
  2. Of an aircraft in flight, the angle made be its axes with the relative airflow
attribute

a quality or characteristic that is assigned to something or someone

attributed

to explain by indicating a cause

audacity

fearless daring, arrogance

audible

able to be heard

augment

to make greater, more numerous, larger, or more intense

auricle

the chamber or either of the chambers of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into the ventricle or ventricles

autogenic

produced independently of external influence or aid

autoimmune

relating to, or caused by autoantibodies or lymphocytes that attack molecules, cells, or tissues of the organism producing them

automated

to control or operate by automation

automatically

having a self-acting or self-regulating mechanism

automation

the technique of making an apparatus, a process, or a system operate automatically

autonomic

a part of the vertebrate nervous system that innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glandular tissues and governs involuntary actions

autonomous
  1. undertaken or carried on without outside control
  2. existing or capable of existing independently, without outside control
  3. responding, reacting, or developing independently of the whole
aviation

the science, skill, or work of flying airplanes

aviator

one who operates an aircraft; a pilot

avid

marked by active interest and enthusiasm

avoidance

the act of avoiding or shunning something; to keep something from happening

axis

a straight line about which a body or geometric object rotates



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